MARKING SCHEME SECTION A
- Two pre-historical sites in Kenya
-
Rusinga
-
Kanjera
-
Njora
River caves
-
Hyrax
-
Fort
Tenan
-
Kariandusi
-
Gambles caves
-
Koobi Foora
2.Remnants of the Southern Cushites in Kenya
-
Dahalle
-
Sanye
- Factors of trade unions during the colonial period
-
Only existed in areas where there was wage labour.
-
They were led by the educated elite.
-
Woeked closely with political parties
- Bantu communities whose ancestors settled in mount Elgon before migration to their present homeland.
-Abaluhya
-Abagusii
-Abakuria
5.Main social function of the council of Elders among the Somalia?
-To preside over religion rites
and ceremonies
6.provisions of the independence constitution of Kenya
-It was federal/majimbo
-Provided for a Prime Minister as
head of Government
-Provided for the Queen as the
Head of State represented by the Governor General
-Provided multi-party system of
Government
-Provided for the bill of Rights
-Provided for a bill parliament.
7 Terms of maasai agreement of 1911
-Maasai forced to move from
laikipia to southern Ngong
8.Who were the abasuba?
-Descendants of refuges from Buganda
who had settled un mfangano and Rusinga islands of lake Victoria by 1800 and
assimilated some of the luo cultural practices.
9.Important landmark that showed portugese presence in Kenya
-Vasco da Gama pillar in malindi
-Fort
Jesus in Mombasa
10Why Kenyan constitution promotes national unity
-Guarantees equal opportunities to
all Kenyans.
-Provides for a unitary government
11Basic of classification of indigenous people in Kenya
before 1939?-
-lanuage
12.Main features of the political movement in Kenya
before 1939?
-they were tribal/ethnic based.
13.Main differences between parliamentary and presidential
democracy.
-Parliamentary democracy is where
citizens elect representatives to the prime Minister.
-Presidential democracy is where
both the legislature and the president are elected directly by the people.
14.Indepence school associations that managed independent
schools during the colonial period in Kenya.
-Kikuyu independent school
Association K.I.S.A
-Kikuyu Kering’a Education
Association K.K.E.A
15.Duty of the government chief Whip in Kenya ‘s parliament.
-To rally members the parliament to pass
government bills parliament
16.Fundamental principle of the concept of natural justice
- Parties in any case should here
adequate notice and fair opportunities to be heard prior to determination of
their case
- The person or body hearing the
case should be disinterested or unbiased in the matter at hand.
17. a. What were the results of the settlement of the luo in
Kenya
during the pre-colonial period
i)
Assimilation of some communities they found in the
areas of settlement e.g. Abasuba
ii)
Inter-marriage with her neighbors e.g. Abaluhya
iii)
Neighboring communities lost some of their land to the
incoming Luo
iv)
Displacement of some communities e.g Abagusii
v)
Occupation of fertile land influenced the Luo to adopt farming on a large scale.
vi)
Cultural exchange between Luo and their Neighbours e.g.
language and naming
(b)
Describe the social organization of the Luo during the
pre-colonial period 10MKS
(i)
The luo were organized into clns each with a
common ancestry.
(ii)
Marriage between members of the same clan was
prohibited
-
They between in the existence of one God (Nyasaye)
-
They prayed to God through priests.
-
They venerated/worshiped ancestral spirits
-
They had scared places set aside for worship
-
They initiated their youth into adulthood
-
They celebrated important occasion e.g. harvest and
marriage through drinking, eating, wresting and dancing
18. (a) Name five visitors to the East Africa before 1400 B.C
-
Greeks, Romans, Persians, Phoenicians, Chinese and
Arabs
(b) What were the effects of the
IndianOcean trade on East Africa 10 mks
- It lead to the development of
Kiswahili
-
Led to emergence of a new culture, Swahili culture dressed in silk and
cotton cloth; wore gold copper bracelets and bangles.
- The coastal people adopted
muslim architecture, they stared building in stone
-Islam was introduced to the
coastal people and in due cosuer spread to the interior.
- Commercial towns emerged along
the coast e.g. Mombasa
and Malindi
- It led to prosperity among the
traders. There emerged a class of wealthy merchants along the coast.
Government of any costal city
states were based on Muslim Law ( sharis)
-With the growth of the trade the
need for some kind of currency arose. This led to use of cowrie shells as a
form as a form of curreny
- New food crops were introduced
to the coast e.g. rice and wheat
19.(a) Give reason why the British colonial government
encouraged Europeans to settle in Kenya by 1939. 3 mks
(i) The colonial government wanted
to make Kenya
a white man’s country.
(ii) The colonial government
wanted to check Indian influence in Kenya by settling more whites.
(iii)
Cool climate on the Kenyan highlands was suitable for
European settlement.
(iv)
The settlers were expected to produce raw materials for
industries in Britain.
(v)
There was need to exploit the Kenyan highlands to meet
the coast of administration and railway building 3 mks
(b)Explain six effects of the
construction of the Kenya- Uganda railway 12mks
- Indians settled in Kenya
and set up shops (dukawallas)
- Led to the opening up of the
interior and made transport easier
-The completion led to growth of
towns along the railway line
- African land was alienated for
railways construction.
-It eased movement of troops and
administration to the interiors of Kenya making administration easy
- A number of Africans found
employment together with Indians and Europeans.
- Facilitated the spread of
Christianity in Kenya
.
-It stimulated economic
development of Kenya
through settlement of white sellers who practiced agriculture.
-It influence and shaped the
pattern and development of roads.
12 mks
20. (a) State five methods which were used by African
nationalist in Kenya
during struggle for independence
5 mks
-Nationalist used the trade union
to popularize the cause of the struggle among the workers
- They enlisted public sympathy
through the press.
-Used violence against the colonial
administration.
-They formed political parties to
co-ordinate the nationalist activities.
- Nationalist attended
constitutional conference to present their grievances.
-Africans in the legislature
council put pressure on British to hasten decolonization 5mks
(b) Explain five factors which promoted the growth of African nationalist activities in Kenya
between1945 and 1963
(i)
The war experience of the ex- servicemen made them more
informed in world affairs. the also were frustrated after colonial filed to
fulfill their promises they made to the soldiers
(ii)
Labour party government, which came to power in Britain
in 1945 was more responsive to the demands.
(iii)
The constitutional changes which were initiated in Kenya
by the labour government promotes nationalists activities e.g. Lyttletton
constitution 0f 1954- created a multiracial council of ministers.
(iv)
The United Natioanl Organization (U.N.O) recommended
for self determination for the colonized communities AS A RIGHT. It also
provided a forum for where owners were urged to liberate the colonized peoples
(v)
The example provided by indians and Ghana’s
independence in 1947and 1957 was respectively ,showed Africans nationalist in
Kenya that independence was achievable and made them determined in their
struggle.
(vi)
The Mau Mau movement consolidated the nationalist
struggle
(vii)
Lifting of bans on political parties in 1945, 1955 and
1960,by colonial government enabled the African nationalist to Coordinate the
nationalist activities in Kenya
(viii)
The activities of the trade unions [promoted the growth
of African nationalists especially the urban centres.
SECTION C 30mks
21. (a) Identify three categories of people whose person
liberty is limited 3 mks
- Convicted criminals
- A suspected criminal
- A person of unsound mind
-A drug addict
- A vagrant
- A young person under 18to secure
his education
- A person with an infectious
disease
(b) Discuss six
factors that ensure successful and peaceful resolutions of conflicts 12mk
- Both parties must accept
negotiated settlement i.e accept that there is an conflict
- Operation in an environment of
all trust.
-Have a standing force for security
for all involved in the conflict
- Look into the cause of conflict.
-The arbitrator must be accepted by
al the conflicting parties.
- Both parties have to come to a
position to accept the outcome of the resolution. 12 mks
22. (a) What were the main features of the independence
constitution of Kenya 9 mks
- It provided for a federal government/
mjimbo/regionalism.
- The executive power lay with the
British monarch who delegated to the Governor General.
- It spelt out that the party with
the majority forms the government
-It provided for establishments of
national assembly consisting the senate and the house of representative.
-It spelt out powers and
responsibilities of the central government and regional governments and
presidents
- P provided for the post of the
prime minister to head the government and the governor general head of state.
-The National assembly was a
bicameral in that it had two houses, the senate and House of Representatives
- The constitution provided for an
elaborate protection of minority rights. These minorities include Europeans,
Asians and some indigenous communities.
- It set up an independent
electorate commission which was impartial
- Contained a detailed Bill Rights,
fashioned on European convection of Human Rights
- Spelt out the necessary
conditions fro acquisition pf citizenship
9 mks
(b) Explain how a Kenyan citizen can participate in the
democratization process 6mks
- Contesting for presidential, parliamentary
and civil elections
- Debating on issue affecting the
senate.
- attending and participating in
community or civil meetings
- Paying taxes to the government
- Protecting against evil practices
in the government.
- Participating in voting
process
6 mks
23. (a) What is the composition of the executive arm of the
government in Kenya
3 mks
- The civic service
-The cabinet
- The president
- The vice president
3 mks
(b) Describe six functions of the civil service in Kenya 12 mks
- Explain and interpret government
policies to the people, prepares development plans and the budget.
- Implementation of government
policies and programs, mobilizes citizens to initiate and participate in
development project
-Ensures continuity in the
government, whereas the government ministers change, civil servants do not
change, they serve the new government in power keep and maintain government
records necessary for continuity of government machinery.
- They collect government revenue
and at the same time account for the government
Expenditure as the permanent
secretary is the chief accounting officer in a ministry
-
Advice ministers on matters of policy, prpera answers
to parliamentary questions that ae asked by members of rlaiment concerning
different ministries
-
Offer direct serviced to the nation as doctors, lawyers,
engineers teachers, accountants among other professionals
- Through provincial administration , civil servants link
the local people with the central
government
PAPER 2 1ST TERM 2010
PAPER 2 1ST TERM 2010
MARKING SCHEME
- Give two meaning of the term government 2 mks
- To exercise authority or to rule.
- It is a body that ensure
maintenance of law and order as well as ensuring citizens social and political liberty
2. How does geology as a source of
information an history and government help historians 1mk
3. Name two
distinct stages of evolution according to Charles Darwin 2 mks
- mutation natural selection
- Isolation: adaptation
4. Give
two places where the remains of Homo sapiens were found 2 mks
- Eliye springs near Lake
Turkana
- Kanjer’a kanam in Kenya
5. Name two
rulers of Mesopotamia remarkable during early
agriculture.
- Sargon the Great
- Hammurable the law giver
6. Give the source of historical
information on the East African coast before the 7th centuary that
point to the Persian domination of the Indian Ocean
trade 2 mks
- Topography of cosmos
- Indico-pleatustus
7. Name one education institutions which
resulted from the trans-saharan trade in Western sudan.
1 mk
- University of Timbuktu
8. Name one
remarkable mentioned by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876
- Telephone 1
mk
9. Why did the
United Nations impose economic sanctions on South Africa 1 mk
-
Adoption of the apartheid policy
10. State the name of the river that served Johannesburg with fresh
water in the 19th century
1 mk
-River Vaal
11. What was the name given to the sub-
counties in Buganda Kingdom in pre-colonial Africa 1
mk
- Gombolola
12. State two
functions of the Omanhene among the Asante in the
19th centuray 2 mk
-Declared war on behalf of
Asantehene
- Attended Odwira festival
- Imposed National levies/ fees
13. Name two African enemies of Samoure Toure
that cooperated with the French against him
2 mk
- Seku of Tukolor
-Tiebas of Sikasso
14. State one
type of nationalism in South
Africa
- Afrikaner
-British
-African nationalism
15. State two new methods used in the First
World War.
- Use of poison gas by German
-Aeroplanes were used for the first
time to bomb camps in1915
- In 1916 the British began using
tanks
16. Name one country of study awarded
commonwealth scholarships were supposed to undergo their studies
- Britain
- Canada
17. State one
main organ of the East African community (1967-1977)
- The East African Authority
- The East African Legislative
Assembly
- The secretariat
- The common Market council
- The common Market Tribunal
SECTION B
18. List any
three oral tradition sources on history and government 3 mks
- Stories myths
-Riddles
-Proverbs
-Legends
b) What are the disadvantages of using
archeology as source of information on history and government
- It is expensive to hire laborers
to excavate and analyze the artifacts
It is sometimes difficult to locate
a site
-
Where their is large scale excavation. it may lead to
environmental destruction
-
It is hard to k now to identity who the people were
and the language they spoke
-
It is difficult
19.a)
- Avaailability of water for irrigation
from r.Nile
- Good and able leaders
- The fertil;e silt from the Nile valley
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